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?????-?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? (??????? ? ???????), ???????? (?????????????? ???????) ??? ??????????? (?????????? ????), ????????, ??? ? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????, ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????????

Do you like watching cartoons? Probably you do! But how did they come to be? Who invented1 them?

This is actually a very tough question. The first cartoons were created long before the TV. For example, shadow play2 was a very popular form of entertainment3 in ancient China. Such shows looked almost like modern cartoons!

A toy called a flip book4 was made in the late 19th century. It was a small soft book with pictures. Each picture was drawn in a slightly different5 way. When you bend this book and release the pages one by one, the images start to move. Strictly speaking, they don’t, but our eyes see it like that anyway. The first real cartoons were made using this trick, too!

?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? — ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?????, ??? ? ??????????????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???? ? ??????.

??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????????.

?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????, ? ????????? ???? ????????? ? ??????. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????. ???? ? ???-?? ????????????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????.

? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????: A1 — Beginner ? A2 — Elementary. ??? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ???? ?? ???????? CEFR.